Understanding the Need for Dog CPR
As the UK faces rare red-level extreme heat warnings from the Met Office and UK Health Security Agency, a vet has highlighted the importance of knowing how to perform CPR on dogs. Dr Emma Chandley, a veterinarian with Petgevity, emphasizes that while many people know human CPR, few realize the same life-saving technique can be adapted for dogs. This knowledge is crucial during summer when heatstroke—a key trigger for cardiac arrest in dogs—becomes more common. Research from the Royal Veterinary College shows that one in four dogs treated for heat-related illness in the UK dies.
When Is Dog CPR Necessary?
Dr Chandley explains that CPR is an emergency procedure for dogs that have stopped breathing and have no detectable heartbeat or pulse. Signs include unresponsiveness, abnormal breathing, and no pulse. She stresses the importance of confirming the need for CPR, as chest compressions on a conscious dog can cause injury. Early intervention before reaching a vet can be lifesaving.
Key Differences Between Human and Dog CPR
Location of the Pulse
In dogs, the femoral pulse is felt on the inside of the thigh, unlike humans where it is checked on the neck or wrist. This anatomical difference allows for quick detection of circulation during emergencies.
Body Position
Most dogs should be placed on their side for effective CPR, as it allows direct pressure on the heart and lungs. However, barrel-chested breeds like bulldogs, pugs, or boxers may benefit from being on their back. Dr Chandley recommends researching your dog's breed for specific guidance.
Rescue Breaths
Rescue breaths are given through the nose, not mouth-to-mouth, as a dog's snout and airways make this more efficient. To deliver air, create a seal around the mouth with your hand.
Step-by-Step Guide to Performing Dog CPR
Dr Chandley advises: if the dog is unconscious and not breathing normally, place them on their side (for most dogs), extend the neck to open the airway, and begin chest compressions immediately. Place your hands over the widest part of the chest. Perform compressions at 100–120 per minute—using the rhythm of the Bee Gees' song 'Stayin' Alive' can help maintain the correct pace. Give 30 compressions followed by two rescue breaths through the nostrils. Continue for 10–20 minutes until the dog recovers or you reach emergency veterinary care. Even if the dog appears to recover, immediate veterinary attention is essential to treat the underlying cause.
Common Causes of Cardiac Arrest in Dogs
Conditions that may require dog CPR include severe trauma, heart disease, respiratory arrest, choking, anaesthetic complications (due to pre-existing health conditions or age), heatstroke, gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV, where the stomach fills with gas and twists), and severe systemic illness. Dr Chandley notes that underlying heart or airway disease, obesity, overheating, trauma, and anaesthetic complications increase the risk of cardiac emergencies. Certain breeds and senior dogs are more susceptible.
